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In 2003, Freudenberg Group expenditure in research and development totaled 140 million Euro. This represents a slight increase on the previous year (138 million Euro). A comparison of the figures for 1999 and 2003 shows that Freudenberg has increased expenditure in research and development by some 30 million Euro. During the year under review, 1,969 associates were employed in research and development throughout the Freudenberg Group, compared with 1,841 in the previous year.